ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE

Alzheimer’s Disease Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Treatment

What is Alzheimer's Disease?

Alzheimer’s disease is a progressive brain disorder and the leading cause of dementia worldwide. It results in memory loss, cognitive impairment, and behavioral changes that interfere with daily living activities. The condition damages and destroys brain cells, leading to a steady decline in thinking, learning, judgment, and independent functioning.

Alzheimer’s disease is most often diagnosed in older adults, yet early stages may appear years before noticeable symptoms. Early evaluation plays a key role in improving outcomes and care planning.

At Mir Neurology, you receive specialized care focused on early detection of Alzheimer’s, accurate diagnosis, and personalized treatment plans designed to support both patients and caregivers.

Symptoms of Alzheimer's Disease

The symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease can vary from person to person but typically include:

1. Memory Loss

Difficulty remembering recent events, appointments, or conversations.
Repeating questions or stories.
Forgetting familiar names, places, or faces.

2. Difficulty With Daily Activities

Trouble managing finances, medications, or household tasks.
Poor planning, organization, and problem-solving skills.
Getting lost in familiar surroundings.

3. Language and Communication Problems

Trouble managing finances, medications, or household tasks.
Poor planning, organization, and problem-solving skills.
Getting lost in familiar surroundings.

4. Confusion and Disorientation

Confusion about time, dates, or location.
Forgetting how a place was reached.
Difficulty recognizing familiar people.

5. Mood and Personality Changes

Increased anxiety, depression, irritability, or agitation
Withdrawal from social activities
Changes in behavior and judgment

6. Impaired Decision-Making

Difficulty making choices
Reduced ability to assess risks and consequences

As Alzheimer’s progresses, symptoms tend to worsen over time, leading to increasing difficulty with memory, thinking, and daily activities.

Causes and Risk Factors of Alzheimer's Disease

The exact cause of Alzheimer’s disease is not fully understood, but it is believed to involve a combination of genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors that affect the brain. Common risk factors include

1. Age

Age is the greatest known risk factor for Alzheimer’s, with most individuals diagnosed after the age of 65. The risk increases with age, particularly after 85.

2. Family History and Genetics

Age is the greatest known risk factor for Alzheimer’s, with most individuals diagnosed after the age of 65. The risk increases with age, particularly after 85.

3. Down Syndrome

People with Down syndrome are more likely to develop Alzheimer’s at an earlier age.

4. Head Trauma

A history of head injuries or trauma to the brain can increase the risk of Alzheimer’s later in life.

5. Cardiovascular Disease

Conditions that affect the heart and blood vessels, such as high blood pressure, diabetes, and high cholesterol, are linked to an increased risk of Alzheimer’s.

6. Lifestyle and Environmental Factors

Low education levels
Social isolation
Chronic depression
Smoking
Excessive alcohol use

Diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease

Accurate diagnosis requires a thorough neurological evaluation.

1. Medical History and Symptom Assessment

Your neurologist will gather information about your symptoms, family history, and any changes in behavior or cognitive function.

2. Cognitive and Neuropsychological Tests

Tests that evaluate memory, problem-solving, and language skills can help detect signs of Alzheimer’s. These tests also help measure the progression of the disease.

3. Brain Imaging

Imaging techniques, such as MRI or CT scans, can rule out other conditions and check for brain changes commonly seen in Alzheimer’s, such as shrinkage in areas related to memory.

4. Blood Tests

Blood tests may be done to rule out other causes of cognitive symptoms, such as thyroid issues, vitamin deficiencies, or infections.

5. Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) Tests

In some cases, testing cerebrospinal fluid may be recommended to look for biomarkers indicative of Alzheimer’s disease.

Treatment Options for Alzheimer's Disease

While there is currently no cure for Alzheimer’s disease, there are treatment options that can help manage symptoms, slow the progression of the disease, and improve quality of life.

1. Medications

There are several FDA-approved medications that can help manage symptoms of Alzheimer’s

Cholinesterase inhibitors (e.g., donepezil, rivastigmine, and galantamine): These drugs can help increase levels of acetylcholine, a chemical messenger involved in memory and thinking.
NMDA antagonists (e.g., memantine): This medication regulates glutamate activity, another neurotransmitter that affects learning and memory.
Antidepressants or antianxiety medications: They may be prescribed if the patient experiences depression, anxiety, or agitation.

2. Lifestyle and Non-Drug Therapies

Behavioral therapies and environmental changes can help manage symptoms and improve quality of life

Cognitive stimulation therapy (CST): structured activities aimed at improving cognitive function and promoting mental engagement.
Physical exercise: Regular exercise can improve cognitive function and overall well-being.
Social engagement: Staying connected with family and friends helps reduce feelings of isolation and depression.

3. Caregiver Support

Caring for someone with Alzheimer’s can be challenging, so caregiver support is crucial. At Mir Neurology, we provide resources, education, and counseling to help families and caregivers navigate the journey of caring for a loved one with Alzheimer’s.

Comprehensive Alzheimer’s Care at Mir Neurology

At Mir Neurology, you receive expert care for Alzheimer’s disease, from early symptoms to advanced stages. The focus remains on evidence-based treatment, compassionate neurological care, and ongoing support for patients and families living with Alzheimer’s dementia.

Get Expert Help

Healthcare professional providing expert consultation and treatment for neurological and neuromuscular disorders.

If you or a loved one is experiencing memory loss or cognitive decline, early diagnosis is key to effective management. Consult with our neurology specialists for personalized assessment and care plans.

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Our Locations

Main Office - Cumberland, United States

Our main office is located in Cumberland, United States. Our doctors have office hours at additional locations in the Hagerstown area to better serve our patients.

924 Seton Dr Suite C, Cumberland, MD 21502, United States.

(301) -797-7600