Advanced Neurology, Personalized Care

ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE

Alzheimer’s disease: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

What is Alzheimer's Disease?

Alzheimer’s disease is a progressive neurological disorder that causes memory loss, confusion, and changes in behavior. It is the most common cause of dementia, a general term for the decline in cognitive function severe enough to interfere with daily life. Alzheimer’s disease affects brain cells, leading to the gradual loss of memory, thinking skills, and the ability to perform everyday tasks.

At Mir Neurology, we specialize in the early diagnosis, management, and treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Our goal is to help patients and their families navigate the challenges of Alzheimer's with compassionate care and the most advanced treatment options.

Symptoms of Alzheimer's Disease

The symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease can vary from person to person but typically include

1. Memory Loss

Difficulty remembering recent events, conversations, or appointments.
Repeating the same questions or stories.
Forgetting names of familiar people or places.

2. Difficulty with Daily Tasks

Struggling to complete familiar tasks like managing finances, cooking, or getting dressed.
Trouble organizing or planning.
Difficulty with time and spatial awareness (e.g., getting lost in familiar places).

3. Language and Communication Problems

Struggling to find the right words or finish sentences.
Difficulty following or joining in conversations.
Frequently using the wrong word or misplacing items.

4. Confusion and Disorientation

Becoming confused about time, dates, and the passing of time.
Forgetting where they are or how they got there.
Difficulty recognizing familiar faces or places.

5. Mood and Personality Changes

Experiencing significant mood swings, including depression, anxiety, or irritability.
Becoming more withdrawn or socially isolated.
Exhibiting poor judgment or unusual behavior.

6. Difficulty with Decision-Making

Struggling to make choices or solve problems.
Losing the ability to make sound decisions.

As Alzheimer’s progresses, symptoms tend to worsen over time, leading to increasing difficulty with memory, thinking, and daily activities.

Causes and Risk Factors of Alzheimer's Disease

The exact cause of Alzheimer’s disease is not fully understood, but it is believed to involve a combination of genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors that affect the brain. Common risk factors include

1. Age

Age is the greatest known risk factor for Alzheimer’s, with most individuals diagnosed after the age of 65. The risk increases with age, particularly after 85.

2. Family History and Genetics

Age is the greatest known risk factor for Alzheimer’s, with most individuals diagnosed after the age of 65. The risk increases with age, particularly after 85.

3. Down Syndrome

People with Down syndrome are more likely to develop Alzheimer’s at an earlier age.

4. Head Trauma

A history of head injuries or trauma to the brain can increase the risk of Alzheimer’s later in life.

5. Cardiovascular Disease

Conditions that affect the heart and blood vessels, such as high blood pressure, diabetes, and high cholesterol, are linked to an increased risk of Alzheimer’s.

6. Other Factors

Low education levels
Social isolation
Depression
Smoking and excessive alcohol use

Diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease

Diagnosing Alzheimer's disease requires a comprehensive evaluation, including

1. Medical History and Symptoms Review

Your neurologist will gather information about your symptoms, family history, and any changes in behavior or cognitive function.

2. Cognitive and Neuropsychological Tests

Tests that evaluate memory, problem-solving, and language skills can help detect signs of Alzheimer’s. These tests also help measure the progression of the disease.

3. Brain Imaging

Imaging techniques, such as MRI or CT scans, can rule out other conditions and check for brain changes commonly seen in Alzheimer’s, such as shrinkage in areas related to memory.

4. Blood Tests

Blood tests may be done to rule out other causes of cognitive symptoms, such as thyroid issues, vitamin deficiencies, or infections.

5. Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) Tests

In some cases, testing cerebrospinal fluid may be recommended to look for biomarkers indicative of Alzheimer’s disease.

Treatment Options for Alzheimer's Disease

While there is currently no cure for Alzheimer’s disease, there are treatment options that can help manage symptoms, slow the progression of the disease, and improve quality of life.

1. Medications

There are several FDA-approved medications that can help manage symptoms of Alzheimer’s

Cholinesterase inhibitors (e.g., Donepezil, Rivastigmine, Galantamine): These drugs can help increase levels of acetylcholine, a chemical messenger involved in memory and thinking.
NMDA antagonists (e.g., Memantine) – This medication regulates glutamate activity, another neurotransmitter that affects learning and memory.
Antidepressants or antianxiety medications may be prescribed if the patient experiences depression, anxiety, or agitation.

2. Lifestyle and Behavioral Therapies

Behavioral therapies and environmental changes can help manage symptoms and improve quality of life

Cognitive stimulation therapy (CST): structured activities aimed at improving cognitive function and promoting mental engagement.
Physical exercise: Regular exercise can improve cognitive function and overall well-being.
Sociaengagement: – Staying connected with family and friends helps reduce feelings of isolation and depression.

3. Caregiver Support

Caring for someone with Alzheimer’s can be challenging, so caregiver support is crucial. At Mir Neurology, we provide resources, education, and counseling to help families and caregivers navigate the journey of caring for a loved one with Alzheimer’s.

Support for Alzheimer’s Disease at Mir Neurology

At Mir Neurology, we understand that Alzheimer’s disease affects not only the individual but also their family and loved ones. We are committed to providing compassionate care, expert treatment, and support for those affected by Alzheimer’s.

Get Expert Help

If you or a loved one is experiencing memory loss or cognitive decline, early diagnosis is key to effective management. Consult with our neurology specialists for personalized assessment and care plans.

📞 Contact Us Today
For Expert Neurological Care!

Our Locations

Main Office - Cumberland, United States

Our main office is located in Cumberland, United States. Our doctors have office hours at additional locations in the Hagerstown area to better serve our patients.