Advanced Neurology, Personalized Care

MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS (MS)

Multiple Sclerosis: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment

What is Multiple Sclerosis?

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disease that affects the central nervous system (CNS), including the brain and spinal cord. In MS, the immune system mistakenly attacks the protective covering of nerve fibers (myelin), leading to nerve damage, disrupted communication between the brain and body, and a wide range of symptoms.

At Mir Neurology, we specialize in diagnosing and treating MS, offering advanced care to help manage symptoms and slow disease progression.

Symptoms of Multiple Sclerosis

MS symptoms vary widely depending on the severity and areas of the CNS affected. Common symptoms include

Vision problems (blurred or double vision, eye pain)
Fatigue (extreme tiredness that interferes with daily life)
Numbness or tingling (often in the face, arms, or legs)
Muscle weakness or spasms
Balance and coordination issues (difficulty walking, dizziness)
Chronic pain or nerve pain
Cognitive difficulties (trouble with memory, focus, or problem-solving)
Bladder or bowel dysfunction
Depression or mood changes

Types of Multiple Sclerosis

MS progresses differently in each patient. The four main types include:

1. Clinically Isolated Syndrome (CIS)

A single episode of neurological symptoms caused by inflammation or demyelination
May or may not develop into full MS

2. Relapsing-Remitting MS (RRMS)

The most common form, affecting about 85% of MS patients
Defined by periods of relapses (new or worsening symptoms) followed by remission (partial or full recovery)

3. Secondary Progressive MS (SPMS)

Follows RRMS and leads to gradual worsening of symptoms over time
Fewer relapses but increasing disability

4. Primary Progressive MS (PPMS)

Affects about 10-15% of MS patients
Symptoms steadily worsen from the beginning, with no distinct relapses or remissions

Causes & Risk Factors

The exact cause of MS is unknown, but it is believed to result from genetic and environmental factors. Common risk factors include:

Genetics: Family history of MS increases risk
Autoimmune dysfunction: The immune system attacks the central nervous system
Vitamin D deficiency: MS is more common in regions with less sunlight exposure
Smoking: Increases the risk and severity of MS
Infections: Certain viral infections (like Epstein-Barr virus) may trigger MS

Diagnosis & Treatment at Mir Neurology

Early detection and personalized treatment can help manage MS and improve quality of life. At Mir Neurology, we provide:

1. Comprehensive Diagnostic Testing

Neurological exams to assess reflexes, coordination, and cognitive function
MRI scans to detect brain and spinal cord lesions
Lumbar puncture (spinal tap) to analyze cerebrospinal fluid for MS-related markers
Blood tests to rule out other conditions

2. Personalized Treatment Plans

While MS has no cure, treatment focuses on slowing progression, managing symptoms, and improving daily function. Our treatment options include

Disease-Modifying Therapies (DMTs): Medications that reduce relapses and slow MS progression
Symptom Management: Medications for pain, fatigue, muscle spasms, and bladder issues
Physical & Occupational Therapy: Improves mobility, balance, and daily function
Lifestyle Modifications: Nutrition, exercise, and stress management strategies
Infusion Therapy: For advanced MS treatment options

Expert Multiple Sclerosis Care in Hagerstown & Cumberland

At Mir Neurology, we are committed to providing compassionate, cutting-edge care for patients with Multiple Sclerosis. Whether you need an initial diagnosis, long-term management, or advanced therapy options, our experienced specialists are here to help.

Get Expert Help

If you or a loved one is experiencing memory loss or cognitive decline, early diagnosis is key to effective management. Consult with our neurology specialists for personalized assessment and care plans.

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Our Locations

Main Office - Cumberland, United States

Our main office is located in Cumberland, United States. Our doctors have office hours at additional locations in the Hagerstown area to better serve our patients.